MALATESTA LIBRARY OF SAN Francesco in Rimini
News and documents
1430.
The project to set up a library open to the public and especially helpful to poor students, has testified in 1430 on the initiative of Roberto Malatesta Jailbird, which follows a plan of his uncle Charles (who died the year before).
1432.
Short of Eugenius IV on February 15 on the price of the convent of San Francesco (Turchini, Temple, p. 82). Perhaps it even refers to the work necessary to make the library built by Jailbird Roberto Malatesta.
1455.
later this year completes his Valturio Roberto De re militari , where we read of "many volumes of books, sacred and profane, and best of all disciplines" donated to the library of the convent of San Francesco. "I'm Latin texts, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldeans and Arabs who remain which tracks the project to spread knowledge of Sigismund open to listening to all voices, from Aristotle Cicero, Aulus Gellius by Lucretius in De rerum natura of , from Seneca to St. Augustine, up to Diogenes Laertius Vitae and its of the ancient philosophers' (see my philosopher Sigmund ).
So in 1455 the library of the convent of San Francesco was already there. (See below , sub 1475, for the will of Valturio in favor of the same library.) In the prologue of the De re militari (I, 1), Valturio recalls that he and many others had been given by Sigismund commissioned to procure the lyrics for the new libraries that the lord of the city wanted to accomplish.
1475.
Testament of Robert Valturio leaving his library to "liberaria (library) of the convent of the friars of San Francesco di Rimini" ad usum Fratrum aliorum studentium et hominum et civitatis Arimini ', with the proviso that the brothers make build "in Unani aliam liberariam solarium desuper actam to usum liberarie dictum. "
This document (published for the first time in 1794 in ANGELO Battaglini literary court of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta ), we obtain:
1. In 1475 there is already a "liberaria" the convent of San Francesco.
2. This "liberaria shall be placed on the ground floor.
3. It "liberaria" (writes A. Battaglini) had become abundant in costs of Sigismund, but lay 'flat on the ground pregiudicevole materials to ensure the facts' (Battaglini, op. cit., p. 168).
The transport takes place upstairs in 1490 (see below for annum). Battaglini
concludes that Rimini "had no less then his Prince Sigismund, which at its citizen Roberto Valtur [Valturio] made the purchase of a public library '(Battaglini, op. Cit., P. 170).
Sigismund, as stated in the first Valturio, gives the Franciscan monastic library, designed by his uncle Carlo Malatesta, "many volumes of books, sacred and profane, and best of all disciplines" [cf. R. Valtur De re militari, XII, 13]. The De re militari
(as we saw) was concluded by Valturio in 1455. Then the collection of books donated to the library by Sigismund Franciscan earlier the same year 1455.
1490.
The inclusion of 1490 (not 1420 as initially had been read), recalls the transfer of the library of the Franciscan convent upstairs from the ground, "pregiudicievole materials to ensure the facts' (Battaglini, op . cit., p. 169). This inscription is still preserved in the Museum of the City of Rimini.
of this inscription has never been so far provided the correct transcription. In fact, it is read as "sum "what is transcribed as" summa .
The Latin text is: "Prince Pandulpho. Malatestae cretus sanguine, dum spes erat Galaotus patriaeque pater. Divi speech interpres, Baiote Ioannes, summa your care hoc library located on site. 1490.
Here is the translation: "Under the principality of Pandolfo. While Jailbird, born from the blood of Malatesta, hope and was the father of the country. For your great care, John Baioti theologian, the library was put into this place. 1490.
Pandolfo IV, 1475-1534, is the son of Roberto Novello (1442-1482), in turn son of Sigismund (1417-68).
Roberto died fighting in the service of Church. With him was Malatesti Raymond (son of Malatesta and Almerico Amabilia Castracani) that went to Rimini the news of the death of the lord of the city.
Jailbird [Jailbird Louis II], son of Malatesta Almerico (and brother of Raymond), is governor and guardian of Pandolfo di Rimini.
John Baiotti from Lugo, Franciscan friar, theologian and is the guardian of the convent of San Francesco.
Raymond Malatesti March 6, 1492 is killed by his nephews and Pandolfo Gaspar, son of his brother Louis II Jailbird remembered in stone.
The crime is considered by Clementini the root of all evils that afflict later Rimini or "the abyss of 'the extermination of citizens and gentlemen," Malatesta and their home. On July 31, 1492
Pandolfo and Gaspar, the murderers of his uncle Raymond, are used by his father Louis II Jailbird for a conspiracy against the same Pandolfo IV and his family.
to send air to avoid a massacre, we think Aldobrandini Violante, second wife of that Jailbird Lodovico and sister of Elizabeth, mother of Pandolfo IV.
In Elizabeth's house was killed Raymond Malatesti almost five months earlier (March 6, 1492).
in the same household of Elizabeth is killed Jailbird Louis, while his son Pandolfo is out of the way into the house of the lord of Rimini Pandolfo IV. Gaspar was arrested instead, summarily tried and beheaded.
Two and a half months after the plot failed and the death of its creators, Violante tie the marriage. Violante was the stepmother of Gaspar and Pandolfo, children of the first wife of Louis Jailbird, Raffaella by Barbian.
Pandolfo Galeotto Lodovico in turn had four children (Charles, Malatesta, Raffaella, Laura) forgiven by Pandolfo IV a testimony of his desire for peace within the family and the city.
From 1492 for nearly a century, the political killings that have registered, will continue "to bring down blood", as acutely observed Copioli Rosita.
1560.
The library consisted of two rows of pluteus twenty items each. "About" hundred and fifty works are in the front row, "about" one hundred twenty-three in the second. Or "approximately" 273 works in all.
These data result from an inventory of 1560 (p. 346) stored at Perugia and published in 1901 by Joseph Mazzatinti in an essay called "The library of San Francesco (Tempio Malatesta) in Rimini, in the volume" Writings of various Philology " appeared in Rome at Forzani, printers of the Senate, pp. 345-352.
Mazzatinti's essay is dated "Forlì, in August 1901."
1511.
Remembering this inventory carefully 1560 , Consider a news about the 1511 , and text contained in a ms. Father Francis Anthony Righini (SC-MS 372, "Miscellaneous Scriptorum ...", c. 284r, Library Gambalunga of Rimini).
Righini writes books convent of San Francesco that the library was transferred to Rome 'sic jubente Pontiff. "
Righini specify the year (note the 1511), citing a text of Paride Grassi on the living room in Rimini at the same Franciscan pope, Julius II.
(The text of Grassi, the papal master of ceremonies, was published in 1886, The two military expeditions of Julius II , in "Documents and Studies "of the National History Deputation for the province of Romagna, I). The step
Righini perhaps alludes to a partial transfer Franciscan library, since the fact that in 1560 it consisted of two rows of plutei twenty items each for a total of "approximately" 273 works. Righini
Father has passed into history with a reputation for a history of forgery related to the Blessed Clare of Rimini. He invented the discovery of a manuscript dated 1362. The ultraviolet rays are allowed to read a date scraped ("August 14, 1685) that reveals his trick.
In 1514 the library was destroyed Malatesta of Pesaro. It also lost to Brescia The only that remains is then to Cesena (see below ).
seventeenth century. In
Site of Rimini Raffaele Adimari , which comes out in Brescia in 1616, says (I, p. 72) that at the Conventual Franciscan monastery there was a "sumptuous, et good library."
early seventeenth century, states Antonio Bianchi ( Rimini's history from its origins to 1832 , Rimini 1997, edited by Antonio Montanari, p. 146), "the valuable library, the Malatesta, to preserve it for public good , had given custody to the monks of San Francesco, "there remain only four hundred volumes for most manuscripts.
This "remnant" of four hundred volumes (actually much less, "about" 273 , as the inventory of 1560), the second is lost Monsignor James Villani (1605-1690), because those cards end up precious in the hands of butchers ('deinde manus in aetate mea salsamentariorum might come satis constat').
Sartoni Frederick (1730-1786), as reported by Luigi Tonini ( Rimini after Mille, p. 94), argues that the brothers sold the library to Roman family of Cesi, in which the brothers belong Angelo (Bishop of Rimini from 1627 to 1646) and Federico, founder of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1603.
Sartoni The manuscript is in BGR, SC-Ms.1136: Sarton, FEDERICO COSIMO, Copying a hotchpotch mss. that was in the house now owned by NU and Sartoni Mr Domenico Mattioli, containing statements and warnings for the history of Rimini ... Is in: Tonini, Luigi [Chronicles Rimini ...] (ff. 222-97). The part that concerns us here is the cc. 49-50.
eighteenth century.
The convent of San Francesco is largely restored, as documented by MS. AB 51, relating to expenditures made "for the Convent of the Fabrica ( 1762-1764) ', held in the State Archives of Rimini, Fondo Congregations deleted.
CONCLUSIONS.
1. Gaetano Francesco Battaglini in his Memoirs the history of Rimini (1789, p. 281) writes that in 1490 was the transportation of the "famous" Franciscan library "in the most convenient place," according to the provisions of Valturio.
above to add Battaglini, the Franciscan library had been "enriched by Sigismund codes, and furnishings enhanced by the book 'of the same Valturio. (This step is represented by Luigi Tonini in Story of Rimini, III, p. 321.)
2. The municipal archive and library. Already from the municipality, "apud locum Minorum Fratrum '(ie the same Franciscan monastery) was the local archives (FG Battaglini, p. 44). This site archive is defined in the mid-fifteenth century. as' sacristy Communis Arimini Conventu in Sancti Francisci (FG Battaglini, ibid.)
The presence of the public archive at the site monastery and ancient documents a particular relationship between the city government and the fathers of the church of San Francesco, well prior to the birth of that "famous" library that, even Battaglini, having been enriched by Sigismund is there so when he rules Rimini: since 1430 with his brothers Jailbird Roberto (who disappeared Oct. 10, 1432) and Domenico Malatesta Novello, and from 1433 alone (while Novello becomes Lord of Cesena).
About the archive from another source (a chronicle of the 1532 signed by Father Alessandro da Rimini and published in the last century [1915-16, 1921] by Father Gregory Giovanardi ), we obtain:
a) time Pope Paul II (1464-71) is on fire the sacristy of the church of St. Francis with loss of manuscripts. 'Ancient and important "(remember what is reported in about FG Battaglini" in the sacristy Communis Arimini Conventu Sancti Francisci'
b) the rest of the archive, around 1528, is declared to Rome by Pope Clement VII (1523-34).
In a text of 1616, the Site Rimini Raffaele Adimari (II, pp. 59-60) we read in 1528, after the expulsion of the last Malatesta June 17 with the final step leading to the Holy See , the store and the clerk of the city (located in San Francisco) suffered an attack.
With the same fury with which he had tried to damage the Temple (defended by the nobility), "the common people, who always want new things" removes "from the archive, and Cancellara, books, and writings" burned on the square's fountain. A large part of those documents, however, was saved "by the furore plebeian" and placed "two-tired Monastery of San Francesco, in good keys. "
The story has an appendix: 'the thing going to the long, some friars eager to see what was there, they discovered the roof to enter into those tired, and took away many of those records, which were known to the City : then when you at last determined to release those tired and were just stuck, which can restore to that in Rev. Fathers of that time, then the coming of FM Pope Clement the Eighth, havendone notitia do not know how did raise Plant Chronicler mandolle and two sacks in Rome [...] And because our city, for this case was devoid of many important writings, and honor [...]. "
Adimari speaks of Clement VIII (1592-1605) and Clement VII (1523-34) as the father Giovanardi, which persists to the chronicle in 1532.
Clement VIII went to Rimini in 1598 (Tonini, VI, 1, p. 382). That is exactly seventy years after the onslaught of popular archive mentioned Adimari.
3. Augusto Campana [1931] in his famous study of the Italian libraries, writes about the presence of the Franciscan fathers in the library Malatesta: "It is possible, but it is only prudent to give it as possible ," that this library - To make use of the words Farms - was entrusted to the friars of St. Francis. " Bell continues: "In any so at those, mid fifteenth century, had established a considerable collection of books ", then enriched by Sigismund (see above). So
Bell does not put in doubt the existence of a public library Malatesta ad usum communem pauperum et aliorum studentium, "but noted that it is prudent (following farms) can be considered its management by the friars. The
but contrasts sharply with the will of Valturio in 1475 that speaks directly to those brothers. If they had handled them, Valturio would not have written what we read in his will (in three drafts), where he always speaks of "Library of the friary of St. Francis."
cards Stock speak clearly, and make void observation of Masseria and the resulting caution Campana.
4. Massera. publishing the full text of the essay on Massera Gambalunga content 'academies and libraries of Italy, "1928, VI, p. 27: "It is likely that this library was entrusted to the friars of St. Francis, whose convent was contiguous to the church," which later became the Temple of Malatesta. "Exactly Sigismondo was to enrich the library of the Conventual many volumes," as evidenced Valturio etc. Then
Massera writes that the inscription "still existing 'certify' that the requested accommodation took place or time ", as guardian of John Baiotti Lugo. On p.
29 Massera blames Conventual Rimini he had left "to waste the wealth collected. The brothers sold freely
the library to the Roman family of Cesi, as it seems to support Sartoni?
Maybe I will not say they were forced by the Roman bishop, but from their miserable conditions (resulting from many documents held in the State Archives of Rimini).
Certainly Massera not know the news of Righini of 1511 (the library was transferred to Rome, "Pope jubente sic).
5. Before Cesena. If the Library Long Legs (1619) is the third in Italy to be public after the Ambrosiana in Milan (1609) and Angelica in Rome (1614), to the Franciscans and the Malatesta of Rimini of the fifteenth century it would be the merit of being the first ever to be public , starting from the document of 1430. And being made prior to that sort of Cesena in fact, it opens only in 1452 (see below, the tab "between Rimini and Cesena).
The Long Legs, it added, is the first in Italy to be "civic '(ie the City).
between Rimini and Cesena
The relations between Rimini and Cesena in mid-fifteenth century, are documented through two editions of Pliny's Naturalis Historia .
1. The Pliny of Jacopo della Pergola (1446)
The first, completed by Jacopo della Pergola in Rimini on 11 October 1446, was intended (according to Raimondo Zazzeri, 1887) from Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta . Who then gave it to his brother Malatesta Novello that he inserted in the library Cesena (S. XI. I).
Zazzeri This news was denied by Enza Savino ( Both Pliny's Naturalis Historia Malatesta, in Libraria Domains. Malatesta Manuscripts Library: Texts and decorations , Edited by Fabrizio Lollini and edited by Piero Lucchi, Bologna, Grafis, 1995, pp. 103-114), only according to "the fact that Sigismondo Pandolfo, according to the image delivered by local historians, not cultivated by bibliophile interests nor by bibliographer with the same passion and perseverance of his brother." The image
Enza Savino Sigismund resumed "by local historians," is all the opposite of reality. We have already seen that Sigismund, as he wrote Valturio ante 1455, gives the Franciscan library 'many volumes of books, sacred and profane, and best of all disciplines. " (These texts are Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldeans and Arabs to whom we have already mentioned: cf. My cited. Sigismondo humanist philosopher ).
not concerned to establish, as is indeed difficult if not impossible, if indeed the ms. S. XI. I was ordered by Sigismund Jacopo della Pergola. The fact is that it has been worked Rimini and then it ended up Cesena.
Augustus Bell [1931] points out that James has worked in Rimini and Fano. This suggests that this important conclusion: it is possible to assume that the copyists "were exchanged as needed between the Lord of Cesena and Rimini to .
the same line of Savino facing some parts of studios Donatella Frioli : cf. For example, its culture and writing , in "Middle Ages fantastic and courteous." Here is positive affirmation of a local production "dramatically projected outward, that is, outside the" restricted locally. " But there is a negative
terribly inconsistent conclusion of the "humanistic figure" used by Sigismund as an "instrument of self-affirmation."
In other work, the author argues that Sigmund was "much interested to enrich and 'give' the book Franciscan careless as to the prestige of their collection." This "mindless" stems from the fact that no one has understood the basic principle of a given figure of Sigismund, who throws himself completely into the Temple (one hand) and textbooks donated to the Franciscan library (the other). It is in that it leaves its mark rights. It makes no sense to compare the inventory of the monastic library with the private castle.
2. The Pliny of Francesco da Figline (1451) The other
Naturalis Historia Cesena (S. XXIV. 5), is the work of Francesco da Rimini Figline commissioned by the physician Giovanni di Marco ("scriptus et de completus for me fratrem Franciscum Fighine ordinis pro Minorum excellent ac prestantissimo artium et medicine doctor Iohann Marci de Arimino Die 10 Maii 1451).
testament to the library was left in Cesena in 1474 by Giovanni di Marco, former personal physician of Malatesta Novello.
In 1451 the Malatesta of Cesena had not yet completed. It will be the following year (the library was completed in 1452, "MCCCCLII / Matheus Nutius fanensi ex urbe creatus, / Dedalus alter, opus off deduxit unguem to 'see. Campana). So
Francesco da Figline was not yet in the city of Novello who then appointed the first librarian of Malatesta. But it was still in Rimini. Where do you work (also) to John Mark who was active both as a doctor in Rimini and Cesena.
on Francesco da Figline, cf. PG FABBRI, Society in the Age of Malatesta Novello Cesena Malatesti , Cesena, 2000, p. 107: "Malatesta Novello named Francesco da Figline his personal chaplain and you can even believe that he did come specifically at the Convent of Cesena, because informed of his talents as a scholar and scribe."
Francesco da Figline is one of those "men" referred Fabbri also speaks in pp. earlier, and which he says (just before the cit. reported), that "they came from places Malatesta of Romagna, the Marches and Tuscany, where they used to recruit Malatesti their officers" (p. 107).
So if you can 'even believe that he did come specifically at the Convent of Cesena, "must be equally possible" even to believe "that Francesco da Rimini Figline came from where John lived with brother Mark who commissioned the Pliny of 1451.
fact may have been the same doctor Giovanni di Marco to get in touch with Francesco da Figline directly or through Sigismondo Malatesta Novello.
The two manuscripts of Pliny document therefore cartel activity 'book' Rimini after 1430 and before 1452 (opening of the Library of Cesena).
This activity can easily be connected to the existence of the library Malatesta at the Convent of San Francesco di Rimini .
For that time the documents are, if you do not forget to properly interpret those that already exist, just as the works 'Rimini' by Jacopo della Pergola (1446) and Francesco da Figline (1451).
APPENDIX
Convento di San Francesco
Inventory 1736-53. AB 155 ASRimini, Congregations deleted
Index, p. 71.
Page 120, "Inventory of existing supellettile book in the convent, made the day October 30, 1753 from MRP Master Caffarelli (1) Guardian." The furnishings are listed
:
1. Miscellaneous Scanzio of fir around the room.
2. A cabinet of fir and key.
3. Longa a table in the middle of fir.
4. A bench of firs.
5. Two chairs with arms coram walnut.
's Inventory then recorded two rooms next to Libraria:
1. p.. 88 (January 25, 1753), "assigned to use Forastera room adjoining the Libraria.
2. p.. 103 (19 October 1753): "Chamber assigned for use by Forastera, next to Libraria.
There is also a "Chamber said the Archives' (October 30, 1753, p. 114) with" a large cupboard with its branches of fir, "and" a smaller fir-painted cupboard, "as well in "Two other small Scanzio great."
may not have any meaning the date of October 30, 1753 in the two inventories, one of Libraria (p. 120) and the Archives (p. 114).
But if we imagine that the chronological order of the lists also means the physical proximity of the two sites examined, we can draw a hypothesis. That the fifteenth-century Franciscan ancient library (upstairs from 1490) had been broken up into four rooms: Libraries, Archives and the two chambers' for use of Forastera "next to a contiguous and a Libraria same.
(1) Elsewhere "Joseph Caffarelli.
Update, 04/29/2008 16:37 Antonio Montanari
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